HCV is a virus that primarily affects the liver. It can lead to both acute and chronic infections, potentially causing severe liver damage over time.

HCV is mainly transmitted through contact with infected blood. Common modes of transmission include sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia, receiving a blood transfusion or organ transplant before 1992, and using contaminated medical equipment (e.g., needles or syringes). It can also be transmitted through sexual contact or from mother to child during childbirth, although these routes are less common.

Many people with HCV do not exhibit any symptoms, especially in the early stages of the infection. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, abdominal pain, and joint pain.

Prevention of HCV involves avoiding behaviours that can lead to infection. This includes not sharing needles or drug equipment, practicing safe sex, and using precautions in healthcare settings to prevent accidental needlestick injuries. Vaccination against HCV is not currently available.

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